亚像素多重分形方法在图像处理中的应用

提出了一种用亚像素多重分形原理求取图像奇异性的新型算法,降低了单纯依靠整数像素位置灰度级梯度信息计算边缘测度所产生的误差。该算法结合CCD成像机理给出在亚像素位置的灰度级梯度分布规律,利用多重分形理论将实际图像分割成一系列具有不同奇异性指数的分形集合,对应着从边缘到纹理各层面的图像内容。模拟计算了投影小波中心点改变单位距离对边缘测度的影响程度,得出亚像素分割梯度的方法可以增加计算结果鲁棒性的结论。此方法用于标准图像的分割中,选用5×5亚像素数目提取的最奇异性集合与索贝尔(Sobel)算子(默认阈值为36.7920)提取的边缘的峰值信噪比为9.3981 dB。应用于复杂路面的裂纹提取中,其结果更符合人类的视觉观测。     

一维光子晶体带边激光器的阈值特性分析

采用麦克斯韦方程和速率方程相结合的模型和时域有限差分法,利用引入的有效增益分布因子概念研究了光子晶体中本征模的阈值特性。增益介质的大小以及在光子晶体中的位置直接影响光子晶体带边激光器的输出特性;有效增益分布因子描述了光子晶体中增益介质的空间分布特性。结果显示,带边本征模的激射阈值依赖于有效增益分布因子。不同的本征模具有不同的有效增益分布因子,那些有效增益分布因子较大的模式具有较低的阈值。通过调整增益介质的位置和长度,可以提高有效增益分布因子的值,从而降低激光器的阈值,这对于实现激光器的低阈值运行有指导作用。     

Existence of periodic and subharmonic solutions for second-order superlinear difference equations

By critical point theory, a new approach is provided to study the existence and multiplicity results of periodic and subharmonic solutions for difference equations. For secord-order difference equations△2xn-1+f(n,xn)=0some new results are obtained for the above problems when f(t, z) has superlinear growth at zero and at infinityin z.     

Spatial Modes in Periodically Inhomogeneous Media

A method is proposed to determine wave modes in periodically inhomogeneous media. Quantitative results for longitudinal waves across a structure in the first four transmission zones for a medium formed of repeating two isotropic layers are analyzed__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika,Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 3–8, May 2005.     

Spatial Shear Modes in Periodically Inhomogeneous Media

A method is proposed to determine shear wave modes of arbitrary direction in periodically inhomogeneous media. Quantitative results for the two first transmission zones of a medium formed of repeating two layers are analyzed __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 51–57, August 2005.     

激光照准系统中柱形边缘对瞄准精度的影响

通过研究激光照准系统中柱形边缘引起的边缘衍射和干涉效应，分析其对边缘瞄准精度的影响。     

Feasible Interior Methods Using Slacks for Nonlinear Optimization

A slack-based feasible interior point method is described which can be derived as a modification of infeasible methods. The modification is minor for most line search methods, but trust region methods require special attention. It is shown how the Cauchy point, which is often computed in trust region methods, must be modified so that the feasible method is effective for problems containing both equality and inequality constraints. The relationship between slack-based methods and traditional feasible methods is discussed. Numerical results using the KNITRO package show the relative performance of feasible versus infeasible interior point methods.     

Extension of Quasi-Newton Methods to Mathematical Programs with Complementarity Constraints

Quasi-Newton methods in conjunction with the piecewise sequential quadratic programming are investigated for solving mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints, in particular for problems with complementarity constraints. Local convergence as well as superlinear convergence of these quasi-Newton methods can be established under suitable assumptions. In particular, several well-known quasi-Newton methods such as BFGS and DFP are proved to exhibit the local and superlinear convergence.     

图的围长与无圈边色数之间的关系

对于一个图G的正常边着色，如果此种边着色使得该图没有2—色的圈，那么这种边着色被称为是G的无圈边着色．用d(G)表示图G的无圈边色数，即G的无圈边着色中所使用的最小颜色数．Alon N，Sadakov B and Zaks A在[1]中有如下结果：对于围长至少是2000△(G)log△(G)的图G，有d(G)≤△ 2，其中△是图G的最大度．我们改进了这个结果，得到了如下结论：对于围长至少是700△(G)log△(G)的图G，有d(G)≤△ 2．     

An Optimal Control Problem for Flows with Discontinuities

In this paper, we study a design problem for a duct flow with a shock. The presence of the shock causes numerical difficulties. Good shock-capturing schemes with low continuity properties often cannot be combined successfully with efficient optimization methods requiring smooth functions. A remedy studied in this paper is to introduce the shock location as an explicit variable. This allows one to fit the shock and yields a problem with sufficiently smooth functions. We prove the existence of optimal solutions, Fréchet differentiability, and the existence of Lagrange multipliers. In the second part, we introduce and investigate the discrete problem and study the relations between the optimality conditions for the infinite-dimensional problem and the discretized one. This reveals important information for the numerical solution of the problem. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical findings.